Only a small number of songbird species are legally protected in range countries and fewer still are protected at international levels. Where legal protection exists, enforcement of laws is often lacking. Efforts to ensure adequate legal protection are hampered by a lack of understanding, knowledge and published information, and the absence of timely provision of information to regulatory and policy-making bodies impacts enforcement actions. Identified areas of work include maximising the use of existing knowledge for trade in priority taxa, coordinating future market monitoring efforts, ensuring that all priority species are adequately protected by national legislation in their range countries and under CITES, increasing effective regulation and enforcement along the trade chain, and improving regulation and monitoring of commercial breeding operations.